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Related Concept Videos

Trachea01:22

Trachea

The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
Anatomical Features:
Location: About half of the trachea is situated in the neck, anterior to the esophagus, and extends from the larynx (at the level of the...
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps01:16

Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps

A tracheostomy is a surgical technique that involves making an incision in the neck to provide access to the trachea. It is frequently used in medical conditions such as airway obstruction and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Effective nursing management is crucial for the long-term success of a tracheostomy.
Required Equipment
The equipment necessary for tracheostomy care includes:
Tracheostomy Decannulation01:21

Tracheostomy Decannulation

Tracheostomy decannulation is a significant milestone in the liberation of mechanically ventilated patients. Despite its importance, there is no universally accepted protocol for this procedure. This demands an evidence-based, individualized approach.
Description of the Procedure
Decannulation refers to the permanent removal of the tracheostomy tube, signaling the resolution of the condition that initially necessitated the tracheostomy. The process requires a well-coordinated interplay between...
Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes01:28

Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes

A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening into the trachea, typically at the second or third cartilaginous ring level. This opening allows the insertion of a tracheostomy tube, which can replace an endotracheal tube, provide mechanical ventilation, bypass an upper airway obstruction, or remove accumulated tracheobronchial secretions.
Tracheostomy tubes can be made of semiflexible plastic (polyurethane or silicone), rigid plastic, or metal, and they come in...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Design of a Biocompatible Drug-Eluting Tracheal Stent in Mice with Laryngotracheal Stenosis
08:26

Design of a Biocompatible Drug-Eluting Tracheal Stent in Mice with Laryngotracheal Stenosis

Published on: January 21, 2020

Benign tracheal stenosis: a case series analysis.

Pablo Alvarez-Maldonado1, Juan Peña, José Luis Criales-Cortés

  • 1*Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General de México SSa and Facultad de Medicina, UNAM †Departamento de Cirugía de Cuello, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social ‡CT Scanner del Sur, México, D.F., México.

Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology
|November 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing tracheal stenosis (TS) requires accurate methods. Helical computed tomography with 3D reconstruction (HCT3D) and flexible bronchoscopy (FB) show good correlation for grading TS, aiding treatment decisions.

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Seeding and Implantation of a Biosynthetic Tissue-engineered Tracheal Graft in a Mouse Model

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Heterotopic and Orthotopic Tracheal Transplantation in Mice used as Models to Study the Development of Obliterative Airway Disease

Published on: January 20, 2010

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Heterotopic and Orthotopic Tracheal Transplantation in Mice used as Models to Study the Development of Obliterative Airway Disease

Published on: January 20, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Tracheal stenosis (TS) necessitates precise diagnosis and experienced management.
  • Postintubation injury is the leading cause of TS, affecting 80% of patients.
  • Evaluating TS severity is crucial for effective treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare diagnostic modalities for tracheal stenosis.
  • To assess the correlation between flexible bronchoscopy (FB), spirometry (SP), and helical computed tomography with 3D reconstruction (HCT3D).
  • To evaluate treatment outcomes for TS.

Main Methods:

  • A case series of 20 patients with TS and/or subglottic stenosis.
  • Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) performed on all patients.
  • Spirometry (SP) and helical computed tomography with 3D reconstruction (HCT3D) utilized for grading stenosis.

Main Results:

  • Helical computed tomography with 3D reconstruction (HCT3D) showed significant correlation with flexible bronchoscopy (FB) (r=0.76, P<0.01).
  • Spirometry (SP) did not correlate significantly with FB or HCT3D.
  • Tracheal dilatation was a viable option for non-surgical candidates and restenosis.

Conclusions:

  • HCT3D is a reliable tool for diagnosing and grading tracheal stenosis, correlating well with FB.
  • Flexible bronchoscopy remains essential for direct visualization and intervention.
  • Tracheal dilatation and surgical interventions like tracheoplasty offer effective management options for TS.