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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.01:25

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:

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Heterotopic and Orthotopic Tracheal Transplantation in Mice used as Models to Study the Development of Obliterative Airway Disease
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Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica.

Mohammad R Al-Ajam1, Khaled R Al-Khasawneh, William P Galli

  • 1Department of Pulmonology, Baxter Regional Medical Center, Mountain Home, AR.

Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology
|November 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study highlights tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica, a rare benign airway condition. Diagnosis was confirmed through imaging and bronchoscopy, revealing characteristic tracheal nodules.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Rare diseases

Background:

  • Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TOC) is a rare, benign condition affecting the large airways.
  • It is characterized by the formation of osteocartilaginous nodules along the tracheal and bronchial walls.
  • Fewer than 400 cases have been documented globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica.
  • To illustrate the diagnostic findings and clinical course of this rare disorder.

Main Methods:

  • A 71-year-old patient presented with cough, body aches, and fever.
  • Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest revealed an irregular anterior tracheal wall.
  • Flexible bronchoscopy identified multiple sessile nodules in the trachea and mainstem bronchi.
  • Bronchoalveolar lavage detected Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare.
  • Biopsies of the lesions excluded malignancy and inflammation.

Main Results:

  • CT and bronchoscopy findings were pathognomonic for tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica.
  • The patient received treatment for Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare.
  • An 18-month follow-up showed stable tracheal lesions.

Conclusions:

  • Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica is a rare benign condition.
  • Diagnosis relies on characteristic findings from imaging and bronchoscopy.
  • Prompt identification and management are crucial for patient care.