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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Induction and Monitoring of Adoptive Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity in Rats
22:06

Induction and Monitoring of Adoptive Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity in Rats

Published on: October 1, 2007

Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity to systemic corticosteroids: 2 case reports.

Lauren Laberge1, Melanie Pratt

  • 1University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. lfratesi@hotmail.com

Dermatitis : Contact, Atopic, Occupational, Drug
|November 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Corticosteroid allergy can cause immediate (Type I) and delayed (Type IV) reactions. Recognizing these allergies is crucial for patients experiencing worsening anaphylactic symptoms after corticosteroid administration.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Induction and Monitoring of Adoptive Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity in Rats
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Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats
13:26

Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats

Published on: July 19, 2007

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation
11:49

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Immediate (Type I) and delayed (Type IV) hypersensitivity reactions to systemic corticosteroids are documented.
  • Type I reactions are rare, while Type IV reactions are more common.

Observation:

  • A patient experienced anaphylactoid symptoms (pruritus, hives) within 30 minutes of parenteral corticosteroids, followed by respiratory deterioration and eczematous dermatitis 24 hours later.
  • Intradermal testing confirmed a Type I reaction to multiple corticosteroid preparations.
  • Another patient developed urticarial lesions immediately after intralesional triamcinolone, with testing confirming a Type I allergy.

Findings:

  • Confirmed Type I anaphylactoid reaction to parenteral corticosteroids.
  • Clinical presentation consistent with Type IV delayed hypersensitivity to corticosteroids.
  • Positive intradermal testing confirmed Type I allergy to triamcinolone.

Implications:

  • Consider corticosteroid allergy in patients with unexplained anaphylactic symptoms post-administration.
  • Differentiating between Type I and Type IV hypersensitivity reactions is important for diagnosis and management.
  • Awareness of corticosteroid allergies can improve patient safety and treatment outcomes.