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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...

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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

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Spiropyran main-chain conjugated polymers.

Michael Sommer1, Hartmut Komber

  • 1Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. michael.sommer@makro.uni-freiburg.de

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|November 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel conjugated copolymers by alternating spiropyran (SP) and 9,9-dioctylfluorene (F8) units. These polymers exhibit ultrasound-induced color changes, expanding possibilities for SP-based materials.

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Electronics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Conjugated polymers offer unique electronic and optical properties.
  • Spiropyran (SP) units are photochromic moieties with potential for stimuli-responsive materials.
  • Incorporating SP units into polymer backbones is challenging but offers new functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel main-chain conjugated copolymers featuring alternating spiropyran (SP) and 9,9-dioctylfluorene (F8) units.
  • To optimize Suzuki polycondensation (SPC) for high molecular weight polymer synthesis.
  • To investigate the ultrasound-induced photoisomerization of the synthesized polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Suzuki polycondensation (SPC) for copolymer synthesis.

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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Published on: September 26, 2016

  • Optimization of reaction conditions for high molecular weight (Mw ≈ 100 kg mol(-1)) P(para-SP-F8) polymers.
  • (13)C NMR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy to characterize polymer structure and monitor isomerization.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful synthesis of main-chain conjugated copolymers P(para-SP-F8) with high molecular weights.
    • (13)C NMR confirmed the random orientation of the non-symmetric SP unit.
    • Ultrasound-induced isomerization to the merocyanine form P(p-MC-F8) resulted in a deep-red color change, confirmed by (1)H NMR.

    Conclusions:

    • The study presents the first main-chain conjugated copolymers incorporating alternating SP and F8 units.
    • Optimized SPC enables the production of high molecular weight SP-containing polymers.
    • Ultrasound-induced isomerization demonstrates a novel stimuli-responsive behavior, broadening applications for SP-based polymers.