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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
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Sulfur Assimilation

Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to become...

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A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
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Vitamin D as a protective factor in multiple sclerosis.

Jonatan Salzer1, Göran Hallmans, Maria Nyström

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Neurology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. jonatan.salzer@neuro.umu.se

Neurology
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High vitamin D levels before multiple sclerosis (MS) onset are linked to a reduced risk of developing the disease. However, vitamin D levels during pregnancy did not show a significant association with MS risk in offspring.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroepidemiology
  • Nutritional Immunology
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease with increasing incidence.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is common and has been implicated in MS pathogenesis.
  • Understanding the role of vitamin D in MS risk is crucial for prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and the risk of developing MS.
  • To analyze this association using prospectively collected blood samples and samples collected during gestation.

Main Methods:

  • A nested case-control study utilizing two Swedish population-based biobanks (n=164,000).
  • Analysis included prospectively collected samples from MS cases (n=192) and gestational samples from mothers of MS offspring (n=37).
  • 25(OH)D levels were measured via ELISA, with risk analyzed using matched logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Higher 25(OH)D levels (≥75 nmol/L) in prospective samples were associated with a significantly decreased risk of MS (OR 0.39).
  • No association was found between gestational 25(OH)D levels and offspring MS risk (OR 1.8).
  • A declining trend in population 25(OH)D levels was observed from 1976-2005.

Conclusions:

  • High 25(OH)D levels preceding MS onset are linked to a lower risk of the disease.
  • Gestational 25(OH)D levels did not appear to influence MS risk in offspring.
  • Declining population vitamin D levels may contribute to the rising incidence of MS.