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Related Concept Videos

Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Using Bioluminescent Imaging to Investigate Synergism Between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A Virus in Infant Mice
10:47

Using Bioluminescent Imaging to Investigate Synergism Between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A Virus in Infant Mice

Published on: April 14, 2011

Influenza in pregnancy.

Matthew J Memoli1, Hillery Harvey, David M Morens

  • 1Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthOffice of the Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
|November 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pregnant women face severe risks from influenza, a threat recognized for centuries. This review examines influenza

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A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

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Using Bioluminescent Imaging to Investigate Synergism Between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A Virus in Infant Mice
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A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection
05:21

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

Published on: August 14, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Influenza poses significant risks to pregnant women, a vulnerable population recognized historically.
  • Both seasonal and pandemic influenza strains have profoundly impacted pregnant women and their newborns over the past century.
  • The 2009 pandemic highlighted the critical need to understand influenza's effects on this demographic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of influenza on pregnant women, fetuses, and newborns.
  • To analyze risk factors, clinical presentations, and pathophysiological mechanisms of influenza in pregnancy.
  • To discuss current and future prevention and treatment strategies for influenza in pregnant women.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies published before and after the 2009 influenza pandemic.
  • Analysis of data focusing on influenza's effects on pregnant women and their offspring.
  • Synthesis of information on risk variables, clinical features, and disease mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Pregnant women are at increased risk for severe and fatal outcomes from influenza.
  • Influenza infection during pregnancy can lead to adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes.
  • Data from the 2009 pandemic underscore the continued vulnerability of pregnant women.

Conclusions:

  • Influenza remains a significant public health concern for pregnant women and their infants.
  • Understanding risk factors and clinical manifestations is crucial for effective management.
  • Continued research and robust prevention/treatment strategies are essential to mitigate influenza's impact on this population.