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Updated: May 16, 2026

Real-Time Cardiac Mapping with a Noninvasive Imageless Electrocardiographic Imaging System
Published on: April 11, 2025
Electrocardiogram interference: a thing of the past?
Luis A Melendez1, Richard M Pino
1Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA. lmelendez@partners.org
Abstract:
This paper focuses on the problem of high and/or imbalanced electrode-skin impedances changing electrocardiogram (ECG) morphology. After reproducing ECG interference in a controlled laboratory setting-similar to what was observed during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery- and then understanding the cause, this knowledge was applied to clinical settings. Most interference was reduced by using electrode impedance meters and consistent skin prep.
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