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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
06:39

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Published on: June 13, 2021

Does maternal depression predict young children's executive function? - a 4-year longitudinal study.

Claire Hughes1, Gabriela Roman, Martha J Hart

  • 1Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ch288@cam.ac.uk

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
|November 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mothers' depressive symptoms in early childhood negatively impact children's executive function (EF) development. The duration of this exposure is a significant factor in long-term EF outcomes at school age.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Parental maltreatment and neglect are known to harm children's executive function (EF).
  • This study investigates a more prevalent risk factor: maternal depressive symptoms.
  • The research explores the link between maternal depression and children's EF development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if maternal depressive symptoms predict executive function (EF) differences in school-aged children.
  • To examine the longitudinal impact of maternal depression on children's cognitive development.
  • To assess the role of chronicity in maternal depressive symptoms' effect on EF.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study followed 126 children from age 2 to 6.
  • Executive function (EF) was assessed using a latent factor from three tasks (working memory, inhibitory control, planning).
  • Maternal depressive symptoms were measured using a latent growth model over four time points.

Main Results:

  • Maternal depressive symptoms at different time points significantly predicted children's EF at age 6.
  • These effects remained significant after controlling for early working memory, maternal education, and positive maternal control.
  • Both the initial level and the change in maternal depressive symptoms were predictive of children's EF.

Conclusions:

  • Early exposure to maternal depressive symptoms adversely impacts children's developing executive function (EF).
  • The chronicity of maternal depressive symptoms appears to be an important factor in EF development.
  • Findings highlight the need for early intervention for maternal depression to support child cognitive outcomes.