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The Peri/postnatal Epigenetic Twins Study (PETS).

Yuk Jing Loke1, Boris Novakovic, Miina Ollikainen

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The Peri/postnatal Epigenetic Twins Study (PETS) reveals significant epigenetic changes in twins from birth to 18 months. These changes, influenced by genetics and environment, support the developmental origins of health and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Twin Studies

Background:

  • The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) paradigm posits that early life environments impact later health.
  • Understanding epigenetic modifications in early development is crucial for identifying disease predispositions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate epigenetic variation and changes in twins from birth to 18 months.
  • To explore the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to epigenetic variation.
  • To examine the relationship between birth weight discordance and epigenetic differences.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal cohort study of 250 Australian twin pairs and mothers.
  • Collection of maternal and neonatal biological samples (plasma, serum, placenta, cord blood, cheek cells).
  • DNA methylation analysis and gene expression studies at birth and 18 months.

Main Results:

  • Twins show significant epigenetic discordance at birth and substantial epigenome changes by 18 months.
  • Shared maternal environment, genetics, and intrauterine environment contribute differentially to epigenetic variation.
  • Birth weight discordance correlates with epigenetic differences in lipid metabolism genes.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms play a role in the developmental origins of health and disease.
  • Early life environmental exposures and genetic factors shape the epigenome.
  • Twin studies provide valuable insights into the interplay of nature and nurture in health outcomes.