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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
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Muscles of the Eye

The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
08:18

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

Do upper and lower orbital fat have a connection?

Yong Seok Nam1, Kun Hwang, Seung Ho Han

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Institute for Applied Anatomy, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|November 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Orbital fat migration occurs through the adipose orifice (AO), connecting upper and lower fat pads. Understanding AO anatomy may prevent fat displacement, reducing eyelid aesthetic concerns.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmic anatomy
  • Orbital surgery

Background:

  • Orbital fat compartments are crucial for facial aesthetics.
  • Understanding fat compartmentalization is key to preventing aesthetic deformities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anatomical connection between upper and lower orbital fat.
  • To determine the pathway for orbital fat migration.

Main Methods:

  • Cadaveric dissection of 39 Korean adult orbits.
  • Injection of colored gelatin into orbital fat compartments.
  • Examination of gelatin migration pathways.

Main Results:

  • Gelatin injected into preaponeurotic fat migrated to the episcleral space via the adipose orifice (AO).
  • The AO's boundaries and dimensions were precisely mapped for both upper and lower orbits.
  • No direct connection was found between upper and central orbital fat.

Conclusions:

  • The adipose orifice (AO) serves as a critical pathway for orbital fat migration.
  • Surgical obliteration of the AO may prevent preaponeurotic fat migration.
  • Preventing fat migration can help avoid aesthetic issues like baggy lower eyelids.