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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Unit Cells01:18

Unit Cells

A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Molecular Shapes01:18

Molecular Shapes

Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.
Two regions of electron density in a diatomic...
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...

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Ultrahigh Density Array of Vertically Aligned Small-molecular Organic Nanowires on Arbitrary Substrates
08:07

Ultrahigh Density Array of Vertically Aligned Small-molecular Organic Nanowires on Arbitrary Substrates

Published on: June 18, 2013

Atomically flat, large-sized, two-dimensional organic nanocrystals.

Hui Jiang1, Keke K Zhang, Jun Ye

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. jianghui@ntu.edu.sg

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|November 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Large, atomically flat 2D perylene crystals were grown using two methods. These flat crystals enable significantly higher charge carrier mobility in field-effect transistors due to improved interface contact.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Organic semiconductors are crucial for next-generation electronics.
  • Controlling crystal morphology and surface quality is key to enhancing device performance.
  • Perylene is a well-studied organic semiconductor with potential for high charge transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To grow large-sized, 2D single crystals of perylene.
  • To investigate the impact of crystal morphology on electronic properties.
  • To fabricate and characterize perylene single-crystal field-effect transistors (SC-FETs).

Main Methods:

  • Solution-cast method for perylene crystal growth.
  • Physical vapor transport (PVT) for perylene crystal growth.
  • Fabrication and electrical characterization of SC-FETs.

Main Results:

  • Achieved large-sized, 2D single crystals of perylene with atomically flat parallelogram morphology.
  • Observed high aspect ratios (up to 10^3) for lateral extension versus thickness.
  • Demonstrated significantly enhanced charge carrier mobility (10^3-10^4 times higher) in SC-FETs made from atomically flat perylene crystals compared to rough crystals.

Conclusions:

  • Atomically flat surfaces are critical for achieving excellent interface contact in organic electronic devices.
  • The growth methods developed enable high-quality perylene single crystals suitable for high-performance transistors.
  • This work highlights the importance of crystal quality for advancing organic semiconductor device performance.