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Related Concept Videos

DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...

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Updated: May 16, 2026

A Next-generation Tissue Microarray (ngTMA) Protocol for Biomarker Studies
09:32

A Next-generation Tissue Microarray (ngTMA) Protocol for Biomarker Studies

Published on: September 23, 2014

Cell and tissue microarray technologies for protein and nucleic acid expression profiling.

Marina Cardano1, Giuseppe R Diaferia, Maurizio Falavigna

  • 1Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.

The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry : Official Journal of the Histochemistry Society
|November 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tissue microarray (TMA) and cell microarray (CMA) enable simultaneous immunophenotyping of numerous samples. This study explores using TMA platforms for comprehensive molecular profiling, including protein, mRNA, microRNA, and DNA analysis.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Tissue microarray (TMA) and cell microarray (CMA) are established techniques for high-throughput sample analysis.
  • CMA is particularly valuable for immunophenotyping novel stem cell lines and validating antibody performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate the expanded utility of tissue arrayers beyond immunohistochemistry.
  • To showcase the application of TMA platforms for integrated molecular profiling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Galileo CK4500 TMA platform.
  • Performed protein expression profiling via immunohistochemistry.
  • Conducted molecular genetics studies including mRNA, microRNA expression, and DNA mutation analysis.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the capability of TMA technology for simultaneous protein, mRNA, and microRNA expression analysis.
  • Showcased the potential for analyzing DNA mutations and epigenetic modifications within a microarray format.
  • Successfully obtained comprehensive molecular signatures for multiple samples.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue microarray platforms can be effectively employed for multi-omic profiling, integrating protein, RNA, and DNA analyses.
  • This approach offers a powerful strategy for comprehensive sample characterization and discovery.