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Published on: February 20, 2017
Cell biology: cohesin ring exit gate revealed
Yuya Yamagishi1, Yoshinori Watanabe
1Laboratory of Chomosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
Current Biology : CB
|November 24, 2012
Summary
Cohesin, a protein complex, holds sister chromatids together. Its release is regulated by Wapl and Smc3 deacetylation, and defects in this process are linked to developmental disorders.
Area of Science:
- Cellular biology
- Molecular genetics
- Developmental biology
Background:
- Cohesin is a crucial multiprotein complex responsible for sister chromatid cohesion.
- This process is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division.
- Cohesin forms a tripartite ring structure that entraps sister DNAs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the regulatory mechanism of cohesin ring opening.
- To understand the role of Wapl and Smc3 deacetylation in cohesin release.
- To explore the connection between Smc3 deacetylase mutations and developmental disorders.
Main Methods:
- Biochemical assays to study cohesin complex interactions.
- Genetic analysis of Wapl and Smc3 deacetylase function.
- Investigation of cohesin dynamics in cellular models.
Main Results:
- Wapl was identified as a factor that opens the cohesin ring's DNA exit gate.
- Cohesin ring opening by Wapl is dependent on the deacetylation of Smc3.
- Mutations in the human Smc3 deacetylase are associated with a developmental disorder.
Conclusions:
- Wapl-mediated opening of the cohesin ring is regulated by Smc3 deacetylation.
- Dysregulation of this cohesin release mechanism contributes to human developmental disorders.
- Understanding cohesin dynamics is critical for insights into genome stability and disease.
Related Concept Videos
02:20Cohesins
Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
02:20Cohesins
Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
02:15The Contractile Ring
Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
02:15The Contractile Ring
Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
02:17Separation of Sister Chromatids
At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
02:17Separation of Sister Chromatids
At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...