Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

11.1K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
11.1K
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

37.3K
RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
37.3K
Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

21.6K
Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
21.6K
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

18.8K
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
18.8K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

11.2K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
11.2K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

4.1K
No description available
4.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Uncoupling the TFIIH Core and Kinase Modules leads to misregulated RNA polymerase II CTD Serine 5 phosphorylation.

eLife·2026
Same author

Dynamics of TFIIH and Spt4/5 during the transition from transcription initiation to elongation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A mechanism of synergistic Mediator recruitment in RNA polymerase II transcription activation revealed by single-molecule fluorescence.

Molecular cell·2025
Same author

Leveraging HILIC/ERLIC separations for online nanoscale LC-MS/MS analysis of phosphopeptide isoforms from RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain.

Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences·2025
Same author

Single-molecule analysis of transcription activation: dynamics of SAGA coactivator recruitment.

Nature structural & molecular biology·2025
Same author

Mechanisms of synergistic Mediator recruitment in RNA polymerase II transcription activation revealed by single-molecule fluorescence.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
11:34

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Published on: August 9, 2019

7.2K

Transcription: base J blocks the way.

Dane Z Hazelbaker1, Stephen Buratowski

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|November 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cells use unique DNA modifications to halt RNA Polymerase II, ensuring proper gene expression and preventing genomic damage. This discovery in Leishmania reveals a novel transcription termination mechanism.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Transcription by RNA Polymerase II is a fundamental process for gene expression.
  • Precise regulation of transcription termination is crucial to prevent genomic instability and aberrant gene products.
  • Mechanisms of transcription termination are diverse and not fully understood across all organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how RNA Polymerase II transcription is terminated in the parasite Leishmania.
  • To identify novel mechanisms that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level.
  • To understand how genomic integrity is maintained during transcription.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the role of modified DNA bases in transcription regulation.
  • Utilized molecular biology techniques to study RNA Polymerase II activity.

More Related Videos

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach
12:12

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach

Published on: March 12, 2017

10.3K
High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins
07:44

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins

Published on: August 26, 2012

14.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
11:34

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Published on: August 9, 2019

7.2K
Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach
12:12

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach

Published on: March 12, 2017

10.3K
High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins
07:44

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins

Published on: August 26, 2012

14.8K
  • Analyzed gene expression patterns in Leishmania.

    • Main Results:

    • A uniquely modified DNA base was identified in Leishmania.
    • This modified DNA base was found to physically block RNA Polymerase II progression.
    • This blockage represents a novel mechanism for transcription termination.

    Conclusions:

    • Leishmania employs a unique DNA base modification to terminate transcription.
    • This finding proposes a new model for RNA Polymerase II transcription termination.
    • This mechanism contributes to maintaining proper gene expression and genomic stability.