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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms
11:36

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

Published on: May 29, 2020

Autoimmune hepatitis: what must be said.

Ian R Mackay1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. ian.mackay@monash.edu

Experimental and Molecular Pathology
|November 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) involves the immune system attacking the liver. Research suggests genetic predisposition and disordered apoptosis, alongside Treg cell dysfunction, may trigger this autoimmune liver disease.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), previously known as chronic active hepatitis (CAH), has been studied since the 1950s.
  • Discoveries in autoimmune serum reactants provided insights into chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, refining theories of acquired immunity.
  • The designation of AIH in 1965 and the advent of immunosuppressive therapies significantly improved patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the underlying mechanisms initiating autoimmune hepatitis in genetically predisposed individuals.
  • To investigate the role of hepatocyte apoptosis and regulatory T cell (Treg) function in AIH pathogenesis.
  • To differentiate between Type 1 and Type 2 AIH based on genetic and clinical characteristics.

Main Methods:

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms
11:36

Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

Published on: May 29, 2020

The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
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The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

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  • Historical review of autoimmune hepatitis research and discoveries.
  • Analysis of serological reactants to classify AIH types.
  • Examination of potential triggers like hepatocyte apoptosis and Treg cell insufficiency.

    • Main Results:

    • AIH is classified into Type 1 and Type 2, differing genetically.
    • Initiation of autoimmunity in AIH may involve hepatocyte death and disordered apoptosis in genetically susceptible individuals.
    • Reduced numbers and function of Treg populations appear crucial in promoting the autoimmune process in AIH.

    Conclusions:

    • The precise triggers for AIH onset remain incompletely understood.
    • Disordered apoptosis and Treg cell dysfunction are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors in AIH.