[Individualization of anticancer therapy; molecular targets of novel drugs in oncology]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Molecular Biology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Gene mutations deregulate cellular signal transduction, driving cancer initiation, promotion, and progression.
• Targeted cancer therapy aims to control overstimulated signal molecules using specific inhibitors.
• This therapeutic strategy normalizes molecular disorders in malignant cells and treats certain cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the characteristics of molecularly targeted drugs, including monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule kinase inhibitors.
• To analyze their chemical structures, molecular targets, mechanisms of action, and clinical indications.
• To discuss future directions in targeted therapy development and the role of pharmacodiagnostics.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of targeted cancer therapies.
• Analysis of drug characteristics, including chemical structures and molecular targets.
• Summary of preclinical and clinical trial data (Phase I, II, III) for efficacy and safety.
• Discussion of future perspectives and pharmacodiagnostics.

Main Results:

• Targeted drugs, categorized as monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule kinase inhibitors, offer effective cancer treatment.
• Review includes analysis of drug properties, targets, mechanisms, and clinical applications.
• Current research and development focus on new targets, drug improvement, and overcoming resistance.

Conclusions:

• Targeted therapy is a key strategy for normalizing molecular abnormalities in cancer.
• Future development hinges on identifying new oncogenic targets, enhancing drug properties, and managing resistance.
• Pharmacodiagnostics and predictive biomarkers are crucial for personalized cancer treatment.