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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Repressible Operon: trp Operon01:21

Repressible Operon: trp Operon

The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Operons02:09

Operons

Prokaryotes can control gene expression through operons—DNA sequences consisting of regulatory elements and clustered, functionally related protein-coding genes. Operons use a single promoter sequence to initiate transcription of a gene cluster (i.e., a group of structural genes) into a single mRNA molecule. The terminator sequence ends transcription. An operator sequence, located between the promoter and structural genes, prohibits the operon’s transcriptional activity if bound by a repressor...
Operons02:09

Operons

Prokaryotes can control gene expression through operons—DNA sequences consisting of regulatory elements and clustered, functionally related protein-coding genes. Operons use a single promoter sequence to initiate transcription of a gene cluster (i.e., a group of structural genes) into a single mRNA molecule. The terminator sequence ends transcription. An operator sequence, located between the promoter and structural genes, prohibits the operon’s transcriptional activity if bound by a repressor...
Inducible Operons: lac Operon01:25

Inducible Operons: lac Operon

The lac operon in Escherichia coli is a model for understanding inducible gene regulation and metabolic flexibility. It integrates local control by lactose and global regulation through catabolite repression, enabling E. coli to preferentially metabolize glucose when available and switch to lactose utilization when glucose is scarce.Structure and Function of the lac OperonThe lac operon contains three structural genes: lacZ (β-galactosidase), lacY (lactose permease), and lacA (thiogalactoside...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

A Rapid Protocol for Integrating Extrachromosomal Arrays With High Transmission Rate into the C. elegans Genome
06:33

A Rapid Protocol for Integrating Extrachromosomal Arrays With High Transmission Rate into the C. elegans Genome

Published on: December 9, 2013

Trans-splicing and operons in C. elegans.

Thomas Blumenthal1

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Tom.Blumenthal@Colorado.edu

Wormbook : the Online Review of C. Elegans Biology
|November 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

C. elegans utilizes SL1 trans-splicing for most mRNAs and SL2 trans-splicing for downstream genes in operons. These distinct splicing mechanisms are crucial for gene expression regulation and efficient growth.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

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The C. elegans Excretory Canal as a Model for Intracellular Lumen Morphogenesis and In Vivo Polarized Membrane Biogenesis in a Single Cell: labeling by GFP-fusions, RNAi Interaction Screen and Imaging
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The Production of C. elegans Transgenes via Recombineering with the galK Selectable Marker
12:03

The Production of C. elegans Transgenes via Recombineering with the galK Selectable Marker

Published on: January 11, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • RNA Processing

Background:

  • Approximately 70% of C. elegans mRNAs undergo trans-splicing with either SL1 or SL2.
  • SL1 trans-splicing is common, while SL2 trans-splicing targets downstream genes in operon-like clusters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms and roles of SL1 and SL2 trans-splicing in C. elegans gene expression.
  • To understand the regulation of gene clusters and their importance for cellular processes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mRNA processing pathways in C. elegans.
  • Investigation of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) involved in trans-splicing.
  • Characterization of gene clusters and their regulatory elements like the Ur element.

Main Results:

  • SL1 is donated by a consumed SL1 snRNP, analogous to cis-splicing components.
  • SL2 trans-splicing occurs in polycistronic pre-mRNAs, requiring the Ur element for interaction with the SL2 snRNP.
  • Operons, often containing growth-related genes, facilitate efficient gene expression and recovery from growth arrest.

Conclusions:

  • SL1 and SL2 trans-splicing represent distinct yet related RNA processing events essential for C. elegans gene regulation.
  • Operon structures and associated trans-splicing mechanisms optimize the expression of functionally related genes, particularly those supporting growth.