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Related Concept Videos

Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods01:29

Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods

As used in a healthcare facility, sterilization destroys all microorganisms through physical or chemical methods. The physical method includes steam, dry heat, boiling water, and radiation.
Steam sterilization uses non-toxic, low-cost moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure, which is fast, microbicidal, and sporicidal, and quickly warms and penetrates fabrics. Autoclaves, or steam sterilizers, expose each item to direct steam contact for a predetermined time at the necessary...
Drug Product Stability01:16

Drug Product Stability

The long-term stability of drug products is critical to ensuring their quality, safety, and effectiveness over time. Stability directly influences a product's ability to maintain its intended characteristics, ensuring it performs as expected during its intended shelf life. Key attributes such as drug potency, impurities, dissolution, and other physicochemical measures of performance are tested to assess stability. These parameters indicate how well the product retains its quality over time and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality
05:45

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality

Published on: April 7, 2023

Spray drying and vaccine stabilization.

David McAdams1, Dexiang Chen, Debra Kristensen

  • 1PATH, 2201 Westlake Avenue, Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.

Expert Review of Vaccines
|November 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spray drying shows promise for stabilizing vaccines and enabling new delivery methods. However, pharmaceutical companies have not yet adopted this technology for vaccine manufacturing, facing several barriers and opportunities.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality
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Published on: April 7, 2023

Formulations for Freeze-drying of Bacteria and Their Influence on Cell Survival
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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical technology
  • Vaccine development
  • Bioprocessing

Background:

  • Spray drying is a technique explored for vaccine stabilization.
  • It offers potential for novel vaccine delivery routes.
  • Current industry adoption for vaccine manufacturing remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of spray-drying technology for vaccines.
  • To identify barriers hindering its pharmaceutical application.
  • To explore opportunities for future vaccine development using spray drying.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of spray-drying applications in vaccine research.
  • Analysis of technological readiness and scalability.
  • Discussion of regulatory and manufacturing challenges.

Main Results:

  • Spray drying demonstrates significant potential for enhancing vaccine stability.
  • Novel delivery systems, such as powders, are feasible.
  • Barriers include scale-up, formulation, and regulatory hurdles.

Conclusions:

  • Spray drying offers a promising, albeit underutilized, technology for vaccine production.
  • Overcoming identified barriers is crucial for industry adoption.
  • Further research and development can unlock its full potential in vaccinology.