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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

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Muscles that Move the Leg

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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

Rotational Motion about a Fixed Axis

Rotational Motion about a Fixed Axis

A rigid body's rotation around a fixed axis makes every point within it trace a circular path around a specific line or point. The term given to this type of spinning is defined by the angular position, symbolized by the angle θ. This angle is gauged from a static reference line to the revolving object. From this angular position, any variation is referred to as angular displacement, denoted by dθ. The extent of this displacement can be calculated in degrees, radians, or revolutions, where one...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Angle of Twist - Elastic Range

Consider a cylindrical shaft with a length denoted by L and a consistent cross-sectional radius referred to as r. This shaft undergoes a torque at the free end. The highest shearing strain within the shaft is directly proportional to the twist angle and the radial distance from the shaft axis. When the shaft behaves elastically, this shearing strain can be articulated using variables such as the applied torque, radial distance, the polar moment of inertia, and the modulus of rigidity. By...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Using a Knee Arthrometer to Evaluate Tissue-specific Contributions to Knee Flexion Contracture in the Rat

Using a Knee Arthrometer to Evaluate Tissue-specific Contributions to Knee Flexion Contracture in the Rat

Published on: November 9, 2018

Rotatory knee laxity.

Mattias Ahldén¹, Kristian Samuelsson, Freddie H Fu

¹Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Mölndal, Sweden. mattias.e.ahlden@vgregion.se

Clinics in Sports Medicine

|November 27, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Evaluating knee laxity is crucial for treatment and research. Noninvasive sensors offer a reliable way to quantitatively assess the pivot shift test for improved rotatory knee laxity evaluation.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Biomechanics
Sports Medicine

Background:

Knee laxity evaluation is vital for treatment and follow-up.
Anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has increased interest in rotatory knee laxity.
The pivot shift test bridges static and dynamic knee assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the importance of evaluating injured-knee laxity.
To address challenges in standardizing the pivot shift test and kinematic data extraction.
To introduce noninvasive sensor-based methodologies for quantitative pivot shift evaluation.

Main Methods:

Review of current practices in knee laxity assessment.
Discussion of the pivot shift test's role and limitations.
Exploration of electromagnetic and acceleration sensor technologies.

Main Results:

Standardizing the pivot shift test and extracting kinematic data remain challenging.
Noninvasive sensor-based methods show potential for quantitative and reliable pivot shift evaluation.
Further validation of these devices is necessary.

Conclusions:

Accurate assessment of knee laxity, particularly rotatory laxity, is essential for patient care and research.
Noninvasive sensor technology offers a promising avenue for objective evaluation of the pivot shift test.
Continued research and validation are required to implement these advanced methods in clinical practice.