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Related Concept Videos

The Contractile Ring02:15

The Contractile Ring

Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
The Contractile Ring02:15

The Contractile Ring

Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker proteins that...
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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
Mitosis and Cytokinesis01:35

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
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Mitosis and Cytokinesis02:03

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
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Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cytokinetic Events in Fission Yeast
11:19

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cytokinetic Events in Fission Yeast

Published on: February 20, 2017

Membrane dynamics during cytokinesis.

John A Schiel1, Rytis Prekeris

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|November 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endocytic membrane transport, involving Arf and Rab GTPases, is crucial for cell division (cytokinesis). This review explores how these proteins and organelles coordinate to ensure successful cell separation.

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Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
07:14

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

Published on: September 20, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Endocytic membrane transport is increasingly recognized as vital for cytokinesis.
  • Cytokinesis relies on the coordinated action of the cytoskeleton, ESCRT proteins, and specific endocytic membranes.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of endocytic involvement in cell division is an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of endocytic Arf and Rab GTPases and their interacting proteins in regulating organelle transport during cytokinesis.
  • To discuss the identity and function of endocytic organelles during the late stages of cell division.
  • To highlight the intricate interplay between endocytosis and cell division.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on endocytic transport, GTPases, and cytokinesis.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involving Arf and Rab GTPases in organelle trafficking.
  • Integration of findings on ESCRT proteins and cytoskeletal regulation in cell division.

Main Results:

  • Endocytic Arf and Rab GTPases, along with their effector proteins, are key regulators of organelle transport to the intracellular bridge during cytokinesis.
  • Specific endocytic pathways and organelles are essential for the successful completion of cell division.
  • The coordinated function of these elements ensures proper abscission and daughter cell separation.

Conclusions:

  • Endocytic membrane transport is a critical, multifaceted process in cytokinesis.
  • Arf and Rab GTPases play central roles in orchestrating the delivery of essential components to the division site.
  • Further research into these pathways will illuminate fundamental aspects of cell division and potential therapeutic targets.