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Related Concept Videos

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
03:26

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Bladder dysfunction changes from underactive to overactive after experimental traumatic brain injury.

Hai-Hong Jiang1, Olga N Kokiko-Cochran, Kevin Li

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Experimental Neurology
|November 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) significantly alters bladder function in rats, causing initial atonicity and progressing to overactivity. These changes, including increased bladder weight and collagen, highlight TBI

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Investigating Alterations in Caecum Microbiota After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice
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Published on: September 19, 2019

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection
03:26

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Published on: August 28, 2020

Investigating Alterations in Caecum Microbiota After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice
04:29

Investigating Alterations in Caecum Microbiota After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

Published on: September 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Urology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Bladder dysfunction is a common sequela of traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  • The precise relationship between TBI and bladder dysfunction remains incompletely understood.
  • Limited research has characterized the specific bladder changes following TBI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and characterize the effects of moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) on bladder function using an established animal model.
  • To detail the temporal relationship between TBI and alterations in bladder physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Moderate TBI was induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats using fluid-percussion injury.
  • Control groups included sham TBI and naïve (unmanipulated) rats.
  • Filling cystometry and external urethral sphincter electromyography were performed at multiple time points (1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month) post-injury.

Main Results:

  • One day post-TBI, 70% of TBI rats exhibited no voiding activity, compared to 29% in the sham group.
  • Bladder weight and collagen content in the bladder wall were significantly increased 1 month after TBI compared to naïve and sham groups.
  • Bladder function evolved from atonicity at 1 day post-TBI to overactivity by 1 month post-TBI.

Conclusions:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces significant and progressive changes in bladder function.
  • The observed alterations include initial suppression of voiding, followed by a transition to bladder overactivity.
  • Structural changes in the bladder, such as increased weight and collagen, accompany the functional deficits after TBI.