Development of the Greek Verbal Learning Test: reliability, construct validity, and normative standards

Area of Science:

• Neuropsychology
• Cognitive Psychology

Background:

• Standardized verbal learning tests are crucial for cognitive assessment.
• Existing tests may not be culturally adapted or normed for specific populations.
• The California Verbal Learning Test is a widely used measure of verbal learning and memory.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a Greek version of a multiple-form list learning test.
• To establish normative data for the Greek population for clinical and research applications.
• To assess the reliability and construct validity of the Greek Verbal Learning Test (GVLT).

Main Methods:

• Developed the Greek Verbal Learning Test (GVLT) based on the California Verbal Learning Test.
• Administered Form A to 354 healthy Greek adults and Forms B and C to a subgroup.
• Evaluated test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and diagnostic utility using regression analyses.

Main Results:

• Performance across the three GVLT forms was equivalent, demonstrating good internal consistency.
• The GVLT (Form A) showed good sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing individuals with schizophrenia and traumatic brain injury from healthy controls.
• Age, education, and sex were significant predictors of performance, with regression-based norms provided.

Conclusions:

• The Greek Verbal Learning Test (GVLT) is a reliable and valid measure for assessing verbal learning and memory in the Greek population.
• The GVLT is suitable for both clinical and research use, aiding in the diagnosis and study of cognitive impairments.
• Normative data and diagnostic utility support the GVLT's application in neuropsychological assessments within Greece.