Comparative effects of pacing-induced and flow-limited ischemia on left ventricular function

We compared left ventricular (LV) myocardial blood flow and function accompanying severe demand ischemia (rapid atrial pacing in the presence of critical bilateral coronary stenoses) and supply ischemia (complete bilateral coronary occlusion) of the same ischemic regions in 14 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Pacing-induced ischemia resulted in pronounced reductions in average regional epicardial blood flow (0.8 +/- 0.4 vs. control 1.2 +/- 0.4 [+/- SD] ml/g/min, p less than 0.05) and endocardial blood flow (0.4 +/- 0.1 vs. control 1.3 +/- 0.3 ml/g/min, p less than 0.05). More severe reductions in average regional epicardial and endocardial blood flow were seen after bilateral coronary occlusion (BCO) (0.3 +/- 0.3 and 0.1 +/- 0.1 vs. control 1.3 +/- 0.3 ml/g/min, p less than 0.05, respectively). Hemodynamics of postpacing ischemia (PPi) were consistently characterized by systolic impairment including depressed systolic contractile performance [(+)dP/dtmax 1,281 +/- 442 vs. control 2,173 +/- 775 mm Hg/sec, p less than 0.05], ventricular dilation (left ventricular [LV] end-diastolic dimension [EDD] 47.6 +/- 7.8 vs. control 44.7 +/- 8.6 mm, p less than 0.05), and an increase in LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP) (14.4 +/- 2.8 vs. control 4.2 +/- 2.8 mm Hg, p less than 0.05). Abnormalities in early and late diastolic function with PPi included increased time constant of isovolumic relaxation (78.0 +/- 40.4 vs. control 46.4 +/- 20.5 msec, p less than 0.05) and increased chamber stiffness (1.9 +/- 0.77 vs. control 0.81 +/- 0.55 mm Hg/mm, p less than 0.05), respectively. The LV diastolic pressure-dimension relation, however, shifted upward and to the right in eight of nine animals, whereas an upward shift was observed in only one animal. Thus, in this model of postpacing ischemia, we observed contractile failure and passive changes in diastolic function. Alterations in ventricular function occurred consistently earlier and to a greater extent during BCO than PPi, including higher LVEDP (25.3 +/- 8.1 vs. 14.9 +/- 6.6 mm Hg, p less than 0.05), greater ventricular dilation (delta LVEDD 4.9 +/- 2.5 vs. 3.5 +/- 2.8 mm, p less than 0.05), and reduced minor-axis dimension shortening (3.3 +/- 3.1% vs. 6.5 +/- 3.6%, p less than 0.05). To detect potential qualitative differences in ventricular function between the two types of ischemia, we evaluated hemodynamics at comparable loading conditions (30 seconds to 1 minute of BCO).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)