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Related Concept Videos

Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...

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Related Experiment Video

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Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness
08:52

Software-Assisted Quantitative Measurement of Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Thickness

Published on: March 18, 2022

Vertebral subchondral bone.

C Nguyen1, S Poiraudeau, F Rannou

  • 1Rehabilitation Department, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U747, Paris, France.

Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA
|November 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vertebral subchondral bone changes, known as Modic changes, may indicate inflammation linked to chronic low back pain. Identifying these changes via MRI could help target specific patient groups for new therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Spinal Anatomy and Degenerative Disease Research

Background:

  • Vertebral subchondral bone (osseous endplate) is crucial for spinal function and intervertebral disc health.
  • Modic changes, detected by MRI, are vertebral subchondral bone alterations associated with degenerative disc disease.
  • These changes may be linked to local inflammation, suggesting a role in chronic low back pain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of Modic changes as an imaging biomarker for chronic low back pain.
  • To investigate the association between vertebral subchondral bone alterations and pain in specific patient subgroups.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent data and MRI findings related to vertebral subchondral bone and Modic changes.
  • Analysis of the potential link between pathoanatomy, inflammation, and pain in chronic low back pain patients.

Main Results:

  • Modic changes in vertebral subchondral bone are potentially associated with degenerative disc disease and chronic low back pain.
  • These changes may serve as a biomarker to identify patient subgroups where pain is linked to vertebral subchondral bone alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Modic changes may be a valuable imaging biomarker for stratifying patients with chronic low back pain.
  • Targeting inflammatory changes in vertebral subchondral bone associated with Modic changes could lead to more specific therapies for non-specific chronic low back pain.