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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
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The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Fluorescence-mediated Tomography for the Detection and Quantification of Macrophage-related Murine Intestinal Inflammation
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Published on: December 15, 2017

Microscopic colitis.

Gianluca Ianiro1, Giovanni Cammarota, Luca Valerio

  • 1Gastroenterology Unit, A. Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|November 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microscopic colitis, a cause of chronic diarrhea, is diagnosed via histology and has two subtypes: collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis. New treatments include steroids like budesonide and biologics.

Keywords:
Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agentsCollagenous colitisImmunosuppressive agentsLymphocytic colitisMicroscopic colitisWatery diarrhea

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Microscopic colitis is a clinical syndrome characterized by chronic watery diarrhea.
  • Diagnosis requires histological analysis as endoscopic and radiologic evaluations show no abnormalities.
  • It encompasses two subtypes: collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology, diagnosis, and emerging treatment options for microscopic colitis.
  • To differentiate between the histological features of CC and LC.
  • To discuss the role of various pathogenetic theories and associated drug triggers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological data, pathogenetic theories, and clinical presentations.
  • Analysis of histological differences between CC and LC.
  • Evaluation of current and novel pharmacological treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • CC features a thickened subepithelial collagen layer; LC shows increased intra-epithelial lymphocytes.
  • Various factors like drugs (e.g., ticlopidine, cimetidine, NSAIDs), autoimmunity, and infections are implicated in pathogenesis.
  • New treatments include oral budesonide, immunosuppressants (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine), and anti-TNF-α agents (infliximab, adalimumab).

Conclusions:

  • Microscopic colitis presents with chronic diarrhea and requires histological confirmation.
  • Understanding pathogenetic factors and drug associations aids in diagnosis and management.
  • Emerging therapies offer new hope, but further research is needed to validate their efficacy.