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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be interpreted as...
Introducing Social Perception01:29

Introducing Social Perception

Perceiving others accurately is fundamental to effective communication and relationship-building. Social perception, a key concept in social psychology, refers to the cognitive processes through which individuals gather and interpret information about others to understand their actions, intentions, and motivations. This process extends beyond spoken words and overt behaviors, incorporating subtle nonverbal cues and contextual factors.Nonverbal Cues and Their SignificanceNonverbal cues play a...
Perception01:28

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
The Influence of Affect on Cognition01:29

The Influence of Affect on Cognition

Positive affect significantly influences cognitive processes, including evaluation, memory, creativity, and social judgments. Compared to negative affect, positive emotional states promote more favorable interpretations of stimuli, cognitive flexibility, and heuristic processing. These effects highlight emotions' powerful role in shaping how individuals perceive, remember, and interact with the world.Influence on Evaluation and AttributionWhen individuals experience positive affect, they are...
First Impression01:09

First Impression

First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...

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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

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Published on: July 16, 2015

Orienting and emotional perception: facilitation, attenuation, and interference.

Margaret M Bradley1, Andreas Keil, Peter J Lang

  • 1Center for the study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA.

Frontiers in Psychology
|November 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Human emotions stem from ancient brain circuits for survival. Emotional cues trigger enhanced brain activity and faster responses compared to neutral cues, influencing perception and action.

Keywords:
attentioncompetitionemotioninterferenceorientingpsychophysiology

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Human emotions are rooted in evolutionarily conserved motivational brain circuits.
  • These circuits, vital for survival (defensive and appetitive), are shared across mammals.
  • Activation involves subcortical and cortical structures mediating attention, perception, and action.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying emotional perception.
  • To examine how motivational circuits respond to emotional cues.
  • To compare brain and physiological responses to emotional versus neutral stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized measures indexing orienting responses to emotional and neutral cues.
  • Analyzed both physiological reflex and brain measures.
  • Compared responses during concurrent and independent cue presentations.

Main Results:

  • Orienting to emotional cues demonstrated enhanced circuit activation compared to neutral cues.
  • Response facilitation was observed for emotional cues.
  • Modulation of physiological and brain measures during emotional perception was evident.

Conclusions:

  • Emotional perception is mediated by ancient motivational circuits.
  • Emotional cues elicit distinct neural and physiological patterns.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the neurobiological basis of emotion.