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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Resonance and Hybrid Structures02:16

Resonance and Hybrid Structures

According to the theory of resonance, if two or more Lewis structures with the same arrangement of atoms can be written for a molecule, ion, or radical, the actual distribution of electrons is an average of that shown by the various Lewis structures.
Resonance Structures and Resonance Hybrids
The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N–O and N=O bonds.
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle
15:06

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Published on: January 3, 2016

Plasmon resonances in linear noble-metal chains.

Bin Gao1, Kenneth Ruud, Yi Luo

  • 1Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|November 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Time-dependent density functional theory reveals electronic excitations in copper, silver, and gold chains. Relativistic effects significantly impact gold

Area of Science:

  • Computational Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Chemistry

Background:

  • Noble metal chains exhibit unique electronic properties.
  • Understanding electronic excitations is crucial for nanoscale materials.
  • Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) is a powerful tool for studying excited states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate electronic excitations in copper, silver, and gold nan chains.
  • Analyze the formation and size evolution of these excitations.
  • Determine the convergence of oscillatory behavior in different metallic chains.

Main Methods:

  • Employed time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT).
  • Propagated the reduced single-electron density matrix in real-time using the Liouville-von Neumann equation.

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Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
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Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

Published on: July 9, 2015

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles
08:19

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Published on: March 2, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle
15:06

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Published on: January 3, 2016

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
09:02

Using Polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid)-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles
08:19

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Published on: March 2, 2016

  • Simulated impulse excitation to study electronic dynamics.

    • Main Results:

    • Observed distinct longitudinal and transverse oscillations in noble metal chains.
    • Identified s → p and d → p transitions contributing to different resonance modes.
    • Found that oscillations converge for chains with 18 or more atoms.
    • Highlighted the significant influence of relativistic effects on gold chain excitations.

    Conclusions:

    • Electronic excitations in Cu, Ag, and Au chains are size-dependent.
    • Relativistic effects in gold chains lead to unique spectroscopic characteristics.
    • TD-DFT provides insights into the dynamics of electronic excitations in metallic nanostructures.