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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Use of the EpiAirway Model for Characterizing Long-term Host-pathogen Interactions

Use of the EpiAirway Model for Characterizing Long-term Host-pathogen Interactions

Published on: September 2, 2011

Phenotyping airways disease: an A to E approach.

S Gonem¹, V Raj, A J Wardlaw

¹Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.

Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|November 28, 2012

Summary

Asthma and COPD are complex airway diseases. The A to E framework categorizes their heterogeneity into five domains, aiding clinical assessment and treatment strategies for better patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Respiratory Medicine
Clinical Science

Background:

Asthma and COPD are heterogeneous airway diseases with overlapping features.
Previous research proposed characterizing this heterogeneity using five domains: A to E.
These domains include airway hyperresponsiveness, bronchitis, cough hypersensitivity, airway damage, and extrapulmonary factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail the A to E concept for classifying airway disease heterogeneity.
To explain how this framework can guide clinical assessment and treatment of asthma and COPD patients.

Main Methods:

Review and discussion of the A to E domains.
Application of the A to E framework to clinical scenarios in airway diseases.

Main Results:

Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) contributes to variable symptoms in both asthma and COPD.
Bronchitis (airway inflammation) can be eosinophilic or neutrophilic, requiring distinct treatments.
Structural airway damage and extrapulmonary factors significantly influence disease presentation and management.

Conclusions:

The A to E framework provides a structured approach to understanding and managing airway disease complexity.
This conceptual model aids in personalized assessment and targeted treatment strategies for patients with asthma and COPD.