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Related Concept Videos

Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These domains are...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

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Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins
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ABI4: versatile activator and repressor.

Julia J Wind1, Alessia Peviani, Berend Snel

  • 1Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Trends in Plant Science
|November 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4) gene is a key transcription factor in plant abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. ABI4 regulates diverse developmental processes, including seed germination, sugar signaling, and root development.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Plant physiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4) gene encodes a transcription factor crucial for abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.
  • Its evolutionary history indicates a conserved role in ABA signaling across land plants.
  • ABI4 acts as a central mediator in various plant developmental and physiological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between the ABI4 protein and its cis-element (CE1).
  • To understand the competition between ABI4 and other transcription factors for cis-element binding.
  • To consolidate recent findings on ABI4's regulatory roles in diverse plant processes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ABI4 protein-cis element interactions.
  • Review of recent publications on ABI4 functions.
  • Comparative genomics to study evolutionary history.

Main Results:

  • ABI4 binding to the CE1 cis-element competes with G-Box binding transcription factors.
  • ABI4 mediates sugar signaling, lipid breakdown, and plastid-to-nucleus signaling in developing seedlings.
  • ABI4 regulates rosette growth, redox signaling, cell wall metabolism, and nitrate's effect on lateral root development.

Conclusions:

  • ABI4 is a versatile transcription factor with critical roles beyond seed germination.
  • Its regulatory functions extend to nutrient signaling, growth, and stress responses.
  • Understanding ABI4's molecular interactions provides insights into plant adaptation and development.