Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat
08:50

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat

Published on: July 3, 2013

Hydration with sodium bicarbonate does not prevent contrast nephropathy: a multicenter clinical trial

Vitor O Gomes1, Ricardo Lasevitch, Valter C Lima

  • 1Hospital São Lucas, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. vigomes@terra.com.br

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia
|November 28, 2012
PubMed

Insights

Sodium bicarbonate hydration did not prove superior to saline for preventing contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. This study found no significant difference in CIN rates between the two hydration methods.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Radiographic contrast media can impair kidney function.
  • Evidence on sodium bicarbonate's efficacy in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is limited and conflicting.
  • Patients undergoing cardiac catheterization are at risk for CIN.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate versus saline hydration in preventing CIN.
  • To determine if sodium bicarbonate is superior to saline in at-risk patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized trial involving 301 patients with impaired renal function undergoing cardiac procedures.
  • Patients received either sodium bicarbonate or 0.9% saline hydration before and after the procedure.
  • CIN was defined as a 0.5 mg/dL increase in serum creatinine within 48 hours.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of CIN was similar in both groups: 6.1% for bicarbonate and 6.0% for saline (p=0.97).
  • Changes in serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) showed no significant differences between the bicarbonate and saline groups.
  • No statistical difference was observed in the change in glomerular filtration rate between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • Sodium bicarbonate hydration is not superior to saline hydration for preventing contrast media-induced nephropathy in at-risk patients.
  • Saline hydration is a viable and effective alternative for preventing CIN in this patient population.
Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics01:28

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...
Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:58

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer01:22

Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer

The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is critical for maintaining the body's pH balance. It operates on the equilibrium: