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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
What is a Species?01:17

What is a Species?

Overview
Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

The Concept of Multiple Allelism
Law of Independent Assortment02:03

Law of Independent Assortment

While Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that the two alleles for one gene are separated into different gametes, a different question of how different genes are inherited remains. For example, is the gene for tall plants inherited with the gene for green peas? Mendel asked this question by experimenting with a dihybrid cross; a cross in which both parents are homozygous for two distinct traits resulting in an F1 generation that are heterozygous for both traits.
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Determination of Self- and Inter-(in)compatibility Relationships in Apricot Combining Hand-Pollination, Microscopy and Genetic Analyses
08:08

Determination of Self- and Inter-(in)compatibility Relationships in Apricot Combining Hand-Pollination, Microscopy and Genetic Analyses

Published on: June 16, 2020

Self-incompatibilty in gamete recognition: single self-recognizing determinants and multiple, non-self-recognizing

Yoshito Harada1, Hitoshi Sawada

  • 1Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Sugashima, Toba, Japan. yharada@bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Molecular Reproduction and Development
|November 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Self/non-self discrimination systems evolved via genetic drift, not active selection. This process results in one self-recognizing determinant versus multiple non-self determinants within species genomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Self/non-self discrimination is crucial for organism survival.
  • The evolutionary pathways of these systems are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary mechanisms shaping self/non-self discrimination systems.
  • To determine the factors influencing the number of recognition determinants.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of evolutionary processes, including genetic drift and natural selection.
  • Examination of the genetic basis of self/non-self recognition.

Main Results:

  • Self/non-self discrimination frameworks evolved passively through genetic drift.
  • Natural selection favored advantageous mutations, increasing their frequency.
  • The system structure dictates a single self-determinant versus multiple non-self determinants.

Conclusions:

  • The evolution of self/non-self discrimination is primarily driven by genetic drift.
  • The number of determinants is a consequence of the system's framework, not determinant characteristics.