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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

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Mesenchymal markers on human adipose stem/progenitor cells.

Ludovic Zimmerlin1, Vera S Donnenberg, J Peter Rubin

  • 1Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

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Adipose tissue contains stem cells similar to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC). Supra-adventitial adipose stromal cells (SA-ASC) are the most mesenchymal, potentially originating from pericytes, and are distinguished by CD34 expression.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Adipose Tissue Research
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cell Phenotyping

Background:

  • The stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue harbors multipotent stem cells.
  • Key SVF populations include endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), pericytes, and supra-adventitial adipose stromal cells (SA-ASC).
  • Pericytes and SA-ASC share similarities with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mesenchymal characteristics of EPC, pericytes, and SA-ASC.
  • To compare the stem/progenitor cell populations within adipose tissue to BM-MSC.
  • To elucidate potential progenitor-progeny relationships among these adipose-derived cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of eight independent adipose tissue samples using multi-color flow cytometry.
  • Simultaneous detection of cell surface markers including CD105, CD73, CD146, CD90, CD34, and CD45.
  • Assessment of cell proliferation via DNA content analysis (>2N DNA).

Main Results:

  • Adipose EPC showed high proliferation and moderate expression of mesenchymal markers (CD73, CD105, CD90).
  • Pericytes exhibited lower proliferation, with a subset of CD34+ pericytes showing high proliferation and strong mesenchymal marker expression.
  • SA-ASC demonstrated the lowest proliferation but the highest expression of mesenchymal markers (CD73, CD105, CD90), with CD34 expression distinguishing them from BM-MSC.

Conclusions:

  • Adipose SVF contains distinct stem/progenitor populations with varying degrees of mesenchymal characteristics.
  • A progenitor-progeny relationship is suggested between pericytes and SA-ASC, with SA-ASC being the most mesenchymal.
  • SA-ASC represent a distinct mesenchymal stem cell population in adipose tissue, identifiable by CD34 expression.