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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT

Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and the...
Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
Description of the Procedures
Computed Tomography (CT) scan:
Computed Tomography (CT) scans use X-ray technology to generate detailed images of bones, organs, and tissues. During the scan, the patient lies on a moving table...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT01:28

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT

Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...

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Inorganic nanoparticles based contrast agents for X-ray computed tomography.

Anshuman Jakhmola1, Nicolas Anton, Thierry F Vandamme

  • 1University of Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, BP 60024, F-67401 Illkirch Cedex, France, CNRS 7199, Laboratoire de Conception, et Application de Molécules Bioactives, équipe de Pharmacie Biogalénique.

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Heavy metal nanoparticles show promise as X-ray contrast agents for medical imaging. Research focuses on synthesis, functionalization, and reducing toxicity for safer diagnostic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Nanomaterials are increasingly important for developing molecular probes in medical diagnosis and imaging.
  • Heavy metal nanoparticles offer superior X-ray absorption, enhancing medical diagnosis and X-ray imaging capabilities.
  • Despite progress in synthesis and characterization, toxicological studies of nanomaterials remain incomplete, with historical examples like Thorotrast highlighting risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in inorganic nanoparticle-based X-ray contrast agents.
  • To provide an overview of preparation and functionalization methods for these agents.
  • To discuss their applications in medical diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of synthesis protocols for inorganic nanoparticles.
  • Analysis of functionalization techniques using biocompatible coatings.
  • Examination of application data in medical diagnosis and imaging.

Main Results:

  • Inorganic nanoparticles can be engineered for improved X-ray contrast.
  • Functionalization with biocompatible materials can reduce toxicity and improve clearance.
  • These agents offer potential for multimodal imaging and targeted delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Biocompatibly protected nanomaterials are crucial for developing safer and more effective X-ray contrast agents.
  • Further research into toxicological profiles and in vivo behavior is essential.
  • Nanoparticle-based contrast agents hold significant potential for future medical diagnostic applications.