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Updated: May 16, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

An evolutionary model of bounded rationality and intelligence.

Thomas J Brennan¹, Andrew W Lo

¹Northwestern University School of Law, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.

|November 28, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human economic decisions are not always rational. This study models how evolutionary pressures and intelligence shape behaviors like risk aversion and probability matching, depending on environmental factors and the cost of intelligence.

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Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

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Published on: September 11, 2021

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups

Published on: May 13, 2022

Area of Science:

Behavioral Economics
Evolutionary Psychology
Decision Theory

Background:

Traditional economic theories assume rational self-interest.
Empirical evidence suggests humans often make suboptimal decisions.
This challenges existing economic and financial frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

Reconcile rational choice theory with observed suboptimal behavior.
Develop a model incorporating evolutionary consequences and intelligence.
Define intelligence as a factor increasing genetic success.

Main Methods:

A simple binary-choice model was developed.
The model analyzes decisions under independent and correlated risks.
It considers the role and cost of intelligence in decision-making.

Main Results:

Without intelligence, correlated risks lead to risk aversion and probability matching.
With intelligence, behavior (risk-neutral or probability matching) depends on intelligence cost.
Intelligence emergence via selection is modeled, showing bounded rationality.

Conclusions:

Natural selection favors diverse behaviors, not just rational self-interest.
Behavioral outcomes depend on their impact on reproductive success.
Intelligence and bounds on rationality are shaped by environmental and physiological constraints.