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Comparing Bibliometric Analysis Using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Databases
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Published on: October 24, 2019

Network science in Egyptology.

Patrick Coulombe1, Clifford Qualls, Robert Kruszynski

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America.

Plos One
|November 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modern scientific methods can diagnose ancient neurological disorders and confirm sarcophagus ethnicity. This study applied internet-based science and statistical analysis to Egyptology, revealing insights into a 4,000-year-old case.

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Area of Science:

  • Egyptology
  • Paleopathology
  • Neuroscience
  • Bioarchaeology
  • Digital Humanities

Background:

  • Traditional Egyptology primarily uses descriptive methods.
  • Ancient Egyptian sarcophagi offer insights into past lives and beliefs.
  • Diagnosing diseases in ancient remains is challenging without living subjects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the application of modern, internet-based scientific and statistical methods to Egyptology.
  • To diagnose a congenital nervous system disorder (syringobulbia) from skeletal remains in a 4,000-year-old sarcophagus.
  • To confirm the ethnicity of sarcophagus occupants using crowdsourcing and statistical analysis of skeletal features.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of skeletal remains from two nested sarcophagi discovered near Thebes.
  • Crowdsourcing via Facebook (204 users) to match iris colors from Udjat eyes decoration with living individuals.
  • Functional MRI (fMRI) techniques to model the extent of the brain stem and spinal cord lesion.
  • Statistical comparison of cranial bone ratios (orbit height, width, malar height, infraorbital foramina) between the studied skull and 32 ancient skulls from Fayum.

Main Results:

  • Skeletal analysis suggested the woman was aged 50-60, Black, possibly of Nubian descent, and suffered from syringobulbia.
  • Crowdsourcing and statistical analysis of cranial measurements indicated significant differences, suggesting left-sided cranial bone atrophy and confirming occupant ethnicity matching sarcophagus decoration.
  • Modern neurological tools and statistical methods successfully identified a nervous system disorder and inferred ethnicity from ancient remains.

Conclusions:

  • Modern scientific and statistical methods, including internet-based approaches, can be effectively applied to Egyptology.
  • Congenital nervous system disorders can be diagnosed from skeletal remains, even in the absence of a living nervous system.
  • Ancient sarcophagus decorations may have been tailored to the ethnicity of the intended occupants, as supported by statistical analysis.