Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Diving exposure and pulmonary stress.

The Journal of physiology·2026

Same author

A reliable starfish optimization algorithm for establishing equivalent circuit of proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Gas exchange and pulmonary stress variations during SCUBA and breath-hold diving in open seawater.

The Journal of physiology·2026

Same author

Optimal fractional order PID-load frequency controller for multi-interconnected microgrids including renewable energy and storage system.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Copeptin as a dual biomarker in type 2 diabetes: association with glycemic control and diabetic kidney disease.

BMC endocrine disorders·2026

Same author

Advances in breath-hold diving research: a state-of-the-art review.

European journal of applied physiology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

A Novel Procedure for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Tastants in Laboratory Rats: Operant Intraoral Self-administration

A Novel Procedure for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Tastants in Laboratory Rats: Operant Intraoral Self-administration

Published on: February 6, 2014

Licorice abuse: time to send a warning message.

Hesham R Omar¹, Irina Komarova, Mohamed El-Ghonemi

¹Internal Medicine Department, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center, 2525 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism

|November 28, 2012

Summary

Excessive licorice intake can lead to serious health issues due to its active compound, glycyrrhetic acid. This review warns that licorice

Keywords:

Licorice glycyrrhizin hyperaldosteronism hypokalemic myopathy pseudo-hyperaldosteronism

More Related Videos

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

Published on: June 18, 2018

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

A Novel Procedure for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Tastants in Laboratory Rats: Operant Intraoral Self-administration

A Novel Procedure for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Tastants in Laboratory Rats: Operant Intraoral Self-administration

Published on: February 6, 2014

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

Published on: June 18, 2018

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

Area of Science:

Pharmacology and Toxicology
Herbal Medicine Research
Nutritional Science

Background:

Licorice extract is widely used as a sweetener and thirst quencher.
Its nutritive value is often overestimated, leading to potential health complications.
Glycyrrhetic acid, the active metabolite, has significant physiological effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of licorice.
To detail the complications associated with excessive licorice intake.
To emphasize the need for regulation and public awareness regarding licorice consumption.

Main Methods:

Literature review of scientific evidence on licorice.
Analysis of the mechanism of action of glycyrrhetic acid.
Examination of reported adverse effects and clinical scenarios.

Main Results:

Glycyrrhetic acid inhibits 11-ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, causing mineralocorticoid effects.
Excessive intake can lead to sodium retention and potassium reduction, mimicking aldosterone.
Reported complications arise from chronic overconsumption, outweighing minor benefits.

Conclusions:

Daily consumption of licorice is not justified due to adverse outcomes.
There is a need to investigate herbal remedies used habitually versus scientifically.
Increased public awareness and FDA regulation are crucial to prevent licorice toxicity.