Atypical thoracic solitary plasmacytoma

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Neurology
• Orthopedics

Background:

• Plasmacytoma is a rare plasma cell neoplasm, with solitary bone plasmacytoma accounting for 5% of cases.
• Solitary bone plasmacytoma predominantly affects the axial skeleton, particularly thoracic vertebrae, due to red marrow presence.
• The condition affects 2-3 individuals per 100,000 population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a unique case of solitary plasmacytoma of the spine.
• To illustrate the diagnostic challenges and successful treatment of spinal plasmacytoma.
• To highlight the potential for neurological recovery after surgical intervention.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a 54-year-old male presenting with chest pain, weakness, and allesthesia.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a mass lesion in the T5 vertebra.
• Surgical intervention followed by biopsy confirmed solitary plasmacytoma of the spine.

Main Results:

• The patient presented with atypical symptoms including chest pain, weakness, and allesthesia.
• Initial laboratory findings were unremarkable, complicating diagnosis.
• Post-operative biopsy confirmed solitary plasmacytoma of the spine.
• The patient experienced complete resolution of weakness and allesthesia 5 months after surgery.

Conclusions:

• Solitary plasmacytoma of the spine can present with diverse neurological symptoms.
• Early surgical intervention is crucial for managing spinal plasmacytoma and associated neurological deficits.
• Complete recovery is achievable following surgical resection of solitary spinal plasmacytoma.