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The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...

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An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...

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Updated: May 16, 2026

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

Published on: June 1, 2022

Gain characterization and passive modelocking of electrically pumped VECSELs.

W P Pallmann¹, C A Zaugg, M Mangold

¹Department of Physics, Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. pallmann@phys.ethz.ch

|November 29, 2012

Summary

Electrically pumped vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (EP-VECSELs) were characterized for gain. Researchers achieved record-short 9.5-picosecond pulses from a passively modelocked EP-VECSEL, demonstrating potential for advanced laser applications.

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A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

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Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo

Published on: March 19, 2016

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Semiconductor Lasers

Background:

Electrically pumped vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (EP-VECSELs) are crucial for various optical applications.
Characterizing their linear and nonlinear gain is essential for optimizing performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To perform spectrally resolved gain measurements and gain saturation analysis on two EP-VECSEL samples.
To compare spectral bandwidth, small-signal gain, and saturation fluence.
To demonstrate shortest pulse generation from a passively modelocked EP-VECSEL.

Main Methods:

Spectrally resolved gain measurements.
Gain saturation measurements using SESAM (semiconductor saturable absorber mirror).
Passive modelocking of EP-VECSELs.

Main Results:

Comparison of spectral bandwidth, small-signal gain, and saturation fluence between two EP-VECSEL samples.
Demonstration of 9.5-picosecond pulses with 7.6 mW average output power at 1.4 GHz repetition rate using a low-saturation-fluence SESAM.
Achieved 31-picosecond pulses with 13.6 mW average output power using higher output coupler transmission.
Identified group delay dispersion (GDD) from the DBR as the primary source of pulse chirp.

Conclusions:

EP-VECSELs with enhanced field confinement offer superior gain characteristics.
Record-short pulse durations were achieved, highlighting the potential of these devices for ultrafast optics.
DBR-induced GDD can be leveraged to compensate optical losses and optimize laser performance.