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When does single-mode lasing become a condensation phenomenon?

Baruch Fischer1, Rafi Weill

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel. fischer@ee.technion.ac.il

Optics Express
|November 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce classical light condensation (LC) in photonic systems, distinct from Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). This phenomenon involves mode weighting in a noisy environment, leading to a sharp transition to single-mode oscillation.

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Area of Science:

  • * Physics of Light
  • * Quantum Optics
  • * Photonics

Background:

  • * Classical light condensation (LC) is a phenomenon observed in linear photonic systems, such as continuous-wave (cw) lasers.
  • * It differs fundamentally from Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), which relies on photon energy and quantum statistics.
  • * LC is driven by mode weighting within a noisy environment, influencing the loss-gain balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To present a generic theoretical framework for classical light condensation in photonic systems.
  • * To differentiate LC from Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in the context of photon systems.
  • * To explore the conditions and implications of LC, including its relationship with lasing.

Main Methods:

  • * Utilized a linear multivariate Langevin formulation to model photonic mode occupation.
  • * Developed a mode occupation hierarchy that mimics Bose-Einstein statistics.
  • * Analyzed the role of spectral filtering and its power-law dependence near the lowest-loss mode.

Main Results:

  • * Demonstrated that LC is characterized by a distinct transition from multi-mode to single-mode oscillation.
  • * Identified condensation occurring when spectral filtering exhibits a power-law dependence (exponent < 1) near the lowest-loss mode.
  • * The Langevin formulation provides a hierarchy of mode occupations analogous to Bose-Einstein statistics.

Conclusions:

  • * Classical light condensation is a distinct phenomenon from quantum Bose-Einstein condensation in photonic systems.
  • * Experiments in optical cavities may represent LC or lasing rather than true photon-BEC.
  • * Understanding LC is crucial for interpreting phenomena in lasers and optical cavities.