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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force per...
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
Absorption of Radiation01:05

Absorption of Radiation

The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

CT equipment and performance issues: radiation protection 162.

S Edyvean1

  • 1ImPACT, Medical Physics Department, St George's Hospital, London SW17 0QT, UK. sue.edyvean@gmail.com

Radiation Protection Dosimetry
|November 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Computed Tomography (CT) scanner technology has advanced significantly, improving image quality and dose efficiency. However, CT scans remain high-radiation procedures, necessitating updated safety criteria for modern systems.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging Technology
  • Radiological Physics

Background:

  • Computed Tomography (CT) scanners have evolved since the 1970s with technological advancements.
  • These advancements include faster processing, better detectors, and helical/multi-detector scanning modes.
  • CT examinations are among the highest radiation dose procedures in medical imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the evolving landscape of CT scanner technology and its implications for radiation dose.
  • To evaluate the current criteria for CT scanner acceptability, focusing on both qualitative and quantitative aspects.
  • To consider specific challenges posed by modern CT systems, such as multi-slice and wide-beam configurations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of technical advancements in CT scanner technology.
  • Analysis of existing qualitative and quantitative criteria for CT scanner acceptability (e.g., RP 162).
  • Consideration of hardware, software, operator, and protocol selection aspects.

Main Results:

  • CT technology improvements have expanded clinical applications while enhancing image quality and dose efficiency.
  • Despite improvements, CT procedures continue to involve significant radiation doses.
  • Current criteria address functional, operational, and hardware aspects, with some consideration for software and protocols.

Conclusions:

  • Ongoing technological evolution in CT scanning requires continuous updates to safety and performance standards.
  • Balancing image quality improvements with radiation dose reduction remains a critical challenge.
  • Modern CT systems, particularly multi-slice and wide-beam scanners, present unique challenges that need specific attention in regulatory and operational guidelines.