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Related Concept Videos

Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...
Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
03:56

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

Published on: September 13, 2022

Choledocholithiasis presenting with very high transaminase level.

Amy Agahi1, Alistair McNair

  • 1Department of Specialist Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, London, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|November 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Choledocholithiasis can mimic acute hepatitis with significantly elevated liver enzymes. Prompt diagnosis using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatogram and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram is crucial for identifying common bile duct stones.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
03:56

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

Published on: September 13, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Choledocholithiasis (common bile duct stones) can present with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • Elevated liver enzymes, particularly alanine aminotransferase (ALT), are typically associated with hepatocellular injury, such as viral hepatitis.

Observation:

  • Three cases of choledocholithiasis presented with markedly elevated ALT levels (>1000 IU/l), mimicking acute hepatitis.
  • Initial investigations for liver disease were inconclusive in these patients.
  • Diagnosis was established via magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatogram (MRCP) revealing common bile duct stones.

Findings:

  • Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) successfully removed the common bile duct stones in all three cases.
  • The study highlights a less common presentation of choledocholithiasis.
  • Hepatocyte injury mechanisms in extrahepatic obstruction are discussed.

Implications:

  • This presentation underscores the importance of considering choledocholithiasis in the differential diagnosis of unexplained acute liver injury.
  • Advanced imaging (MRCP) and endoscopic procedures (ERCP) are vital for accurate diagnosis and management.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology of liver injury from bile duct obstruction is essential for patient care.