Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 16, 2026

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing
Published on: June 28, 2024
Effects of porous materials in an insert earphone on its frequency response--experiments and simulations
Yu-Ting Tsai1, Yui-Chuin Shiah, Jin H Huang
1PhD Program of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Abstract:
This article presents a promising approach to customize the sound-pressure response of an insert earphone by delicately tuning the acoustic impedance of porous materials in it. The effects of applying porous materials on and in various parts in the insert earphone were tested experimentally to determine the resulting sound pressure responses. An equivalent circuit model (ECM) is also presented to simulate the sound-pressure-level (SPL) response of the insert earphone. For each part of the earphone, the effect of applying porous materials was simulated using the ECM approach. For porous elements, modified formulae with correction factors are proposed to determine the acoustic impedance. Comparisons of the simulated responses with experimental data have verified the veracity of the ECM simulations. The present work has verified the feasibility of adjusting the aeration of the porous materials to customize the resulting SPL response of an earphone.
Related Concept Videos
Perception of Sound Waves
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...
Frequency Response of Op Amp Circuits
Frequency Response and Gain:
The gain of the op-amp, A(ω), is not a constant but a function of the input signal frequency. An op-amp can maintain a constant gain at low frequencies, known...
Anatomy of the Ear
The Cochlea
Passive Filters
Low-Pass Filters
Low-pass filters are designed to transmit signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency, ωc, and attenuate those above it. The cutoff frequency...
Network Function of a Circuit