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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
11:44

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Published on: March 20, 2014

Asymmetric ion-pairing catalysis.

Katrien Brak1, Eric N Jacobsen

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asymmetric ion-pairing catalysis utilizes chiral molecules to control reactions involving charged species. This approach enables efficient enantioselective synthesis by leveraging specific structural and mechanistic interactions.

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Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
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Characterizing Lewis Pairs Using Titration Coupled with In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy
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In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions
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In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions

Published on: June 16, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Asymmetric Synthesis

Background:

  • Charged intermediates and reagents are fundamental in organic chemistry.
  • Chiral small molecules offer unique interactions with ionic species.
  • Enantioselective synthesis is crucial for producing chiral compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in asymmetric ion-pairing catalysis.
  • To highlight the role of chiral neutral, anionic, and cationic molecules.
  • To emphasize structural and mechanistic insights for high asymmetric induction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of asymmetric ion-pairing catalysis.
  • Analysis of interactions between ionic species and chiral selectors.
  • Discussion of structural and mechanistic factors influencing enantioselectivity.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of chiral small molecules as effective catalysts.
  • Identification of key structural motifs for asymmetric induction.
  • Understanding of mechanistic pathways in ion-pairing catalysis.

Conclusions:

  • Asymmetric ion-pairing catalysis is a rapidly developing field.
  • Chiral ion-pairing offers a powerful strategy for enantioselective synthesis.
  • Further research into structural and mechanistic aspects will enhance catalytic efficiency.