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Related Concept Videos

Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

Replication in Prokaryotes

Overview
Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
Replication is coordinated and carried out by a host of specialized...
Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

Replication in Prokaryotes

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways
09:27

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways

Published on: June 24, 2016

α-Complementation in an artificial genome replication system in liposomes.

Kotaro Nishiyama1, Norikazu Ichihashi, Tomoaki Matsuura

  • 1Department of Bioinformatics Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.

Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology
|November 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reducing genome size in artificial cells significantly boosted replication efficiency. This study provides experimental evidence that smaller genomes are key for primitive self-replication and understanding genome enlargement mechanisms.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways
09:27

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Published on: June 24, 2016

Preparation, Purification, and Use of Fatty Acid-containing Liposomes
10:43

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Published on: February 9, 2018

Complementation of Splicing Activity by a Galectin-3 - U1 snRNP Complex on Beads
08:48

Complementation of Splicing Activity by a Galectin-3 - U1 snRNP Complex on Beads

Published on: December 9, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Origin of Life Studies
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genome size is a proposed limitation for primitive life replication.
  • Experimental validation of this relationship is lacking.
  • Artificial cell models offer a platform to test such hypotheses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the effect of genome size on replication efficiency.
  • To utilize an artificial cell model for studying primitive self-replication.
  • To explore mechanisms of genome enlargement.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an artificial cell model with a self-replicating RNA genome within a liposome.
  • Employing alpha-complementation of the lacZ gene to reduce genome size.
  • Characterization of alpha-complementation in a purified translation system.
  • Application of the reduced genome system to the genome replication process.

Main Results:

  • A significant reduction in genome size was achieved using alpha-complementation.
  • The reduced genome size, combined with the addition of the omega-fragment, increased genome replication efficiency approximately eightfold.
  • This demonstrates a direct, experimentally validated link between genome size and replication rate.

Conclusions:

  • Genome size is a critical limiting factor for the replication efficiency of primitive self-replication systems.
  • The artificial cell model developed is a valuable tool for studying the evolution of genome size.
  • Findings suggest potential pathways for genome enlargement in early life forms.