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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

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Introductory Analysis and Validation of CUT&RUN Sequencing Data
04:58

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Published on: December 13, 2024

GenColors-based comparative genome databases for small eukaryotic genomes.

Marius Felder1, Alessandro Romualdi, Andreas Petzold

  • 1Genome Analysis Group, Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstr 11, 07745 Jena, Germany. mfelder@fli-leibniz.de

Nucleic Acids Research
|November 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The GenColors database system now supports eukaryotic genomes, enabling comparative genomics for fungi and social amoebas. This enhanced system facilitates genome analysis and visualization for diverse research communities.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Comparative Genomics

Background:

  • Genome sequence repositories offer overviews but lack robust comparative tools.
  • Existing systems like GenColors excel at bacterial genome comparison.
  • Handling larger eukaryotic genomes presents unique computational challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt and enhance the GenColors database system for eukaryotic genomes.
  • To develop new GenColors-based resources for fungal and social amoeba research.
  • To facilitate comparative genomics analyses across related eukaryotic species.

Main Methods:

  • Adapted GenColors to manage larger eukaryotic genome datasets and display gene structures.
  • Implemented whole genome views and genome list functionalities.
  • Integrated horizontal gene transfer predictions for bacterial genome browsers.

Main Results:

  • Successfully extended GenColors capabilities to accommodate small eukaryotic genomes.
  • Launched two new GenColors databases: one for fungal species and another for social amoebas.
  • Provided researchers with integrated visualization and analysis tools for comparative genomics.

Conclusions:

  • The enhanced GenColors system effectively supports comparative genomics for eukaryotic organisms.
  • New databases offer valuable, unified access points for fungal and social amoeba genomic data.
  • These resources significantly advance comparative genomics research in relevant scientific communities.