Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems01:17

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems

Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
Bacterial Toxins01:12

Bacterial Toxins

Bacterial toxins are sophisticated virulence factors that enable pathogenic bacteria to interact with, invade, and damage host tissues. These toxins fall broadly into two types: protein exotoxins, which are secreted into the environment and target specific host receptors, and lipopolysaccharide endotoxins, which are structural components of the bacterial outer membrane released primarily during bacterial lysis or membrane shedding. Exotoxins generally act more selectively, binding to cell...
Regulation of Bacterial Virulence01:28

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a range of regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of virulence genes in response to environmental and host-derived signals. These mechanisms ensure that virulence factors are expressed only under favorable conditions, thereby optimizing infection and survival strategies.Mechanisms of Virulence RegulationKey regulatory strategies include:Two-Component Systems: These consist of a membrane-bound sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Environmental...
Mechanism of Conjugation01:19

Mechanism of Conjugation

Bacterial conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that enables the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct contact. This process is facilitated by a donor cell carrying a conjugative plasmid, which encodes genes necessary for pilus formation, DNA replication, and transfer. The conjugative plasmid plays a central role in initiating and executing the transfer of genetic material.The tra region of the conjugative plasmid encodes proteins responsible for...
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Lineage-specific type 1 fimbriae in hypervirulent ST23 Klebsiella pneumoniae target α3β1 integrin to promote intestinal epithelial invasion.

BMC microbiology·2026
Same author

A Dibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin-Shaped New Chemotype of Glycopeptide Antibiotic Active against Drug-Resistant Pathogens.

ACS infectious diseases·2026
Same author

DposFinder: an interpretable transformer model for predicting phage-derived polysaccharide depolymerases and their host capsular serotypes.

Genome medicine·2026
Same author

State-dependent promoter switching mediates integrase gene transcription in the integrative and conjugative element ICEKp1 of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Integrating ANI and phylogenies for re-evaluation of Fusobacterium taxonomy and disease associations.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Label-free Raman spectroscopy combined with artificial intelligence for functional subtyping of human sperm and prediction of embryo development outcomes.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

A Visual Assay to Monitor T6SS-mediated Bacterial Competition
08:45

A Visual Assay to Monitor T6SS-mediated Bacterial Competition

Published on: March 20, 2013

SecReT4: a web-based bacterial type IV secretion system resource.

Dexi Bi1, Linmeng Liu, Cui Tai

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China.

Nucleic Acids Research
|November 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

SecReT4 is a new database detailing bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) and their effectors. This resource aids researchers in understanding these crucial molecular machines and their roles in bacterial pathogenesis and evolution.

More Related Videos

Conjugative Mating Assays for Sequence-specific Analysis of Transfer Proteins Involved in Bacterial Conjugation
10:41

Conjugative Mating Assays for Sequence-specific Analysis of Transfer Proteins Involved in Bacterial Conjugation

Published on: January 4, 2017

Monitoring the Assembly of a Secreted Bacterial Virulence Factor Using Site-specific Crosslinking
11:33

Monitoring the Assembly of a Secreted Bacterial Virulence Factor Using Site-specific Crosslinking

Published on: December 17, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

A Visual Assay to Monitor T6SS-mediated Bacterial Competition
08:45

A Visual Assay to Monitor T6SS-mediated Bacterial Competition

Published on: March 20, 2013

Conjugative Mating Assays for Sequence-specific Analysis of Transfer Proteins Involved in Bacterial Conjugation
10:41

Conjugative Mating Assays for Sequence-specific Analysis of Transfer Proteins Involved in Bacterial Conjugation

Published on: January 4, 2017

Monitoring the Assembly of a Secreted Bacterial Virulence Factor Using Site-specific Crosslinking
11:33

Monitoring the Assembly of a Secreted Bacterial Virulence Factor Using Site-specific Crosslinking

Published on: December 17, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are essential bacterial machineries involved in genetic exchange and effector translocation.
  • T4SSs play critical roles in bacterial pathogenesis and genome plasticity by altering host cellular processes.
  • Understanding T4SSs and their effectors is vital for comprehending bacterial infection mechanisms and evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce SecReT4, an integrated database for comprehensive information on bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) and their effectors.
  • To provide researchers with a readily accessible and organized archive of T4SSs and associated components.
  • To facilitate the investigation and understanding of the biological roles and significance of T4SSs.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation of data on core components, T4SSs, effectors, and bacterial species from existing literature.
  • Integration of diverse analytical tools including similarity search, sequence alignment, and phylogenetic analysis.
  • Development of a user-friendly database interface for efficient exploration and data retrieval.

Main Results:

  • SecReT4 contains data on 10,752 core components, 808 T4SSs, and 1884 effectors across 289 bacterial species.
  • The database includes over 900 related references and offers various functional analysis tools.
  • SecReT4 provides a centralized resource for studying sequence, gene, and functional conservation patterns in T4SSs.

Conclusions:

  • SecReT4 serves as a valuable resource for researchers studying bacterial type IV secretion systems.
  • The database facilitates efficient investigation, recognition of conservation patterns, and improved understanding of T4SS functions.
  • Regular updates will ensure SecReT4 remains a maximum utility resource for the scientific community.