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Related Experiment Videos

Cognitive representation of conversations about persons.

R S Wyer1, T L Budesheim, A J Lambert

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign 61820.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|February 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

People recall behaviors better when they contradict initial descriptions, especially from female speakers. Memory for behaviors depends on the listener

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Person Perception

Background:

  • Understanding how individuals form impressions and recall information about others is crucial in social cognition.
  • Existing models of person memory and judgment struggle to explain nuanced recall patterns based on speaker and listener goals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how listener goals (impression of target vs. speaker) influence memory for behaviors discussed in a conversation.
  • To examine the differential impact of male and female speakers' trait descriptions on behavior recall.

Main Methods:

  • Participants received trait descriptions from male and female speakers about a target person.
  • Participants listened to a conversation about the target person's behaviors.
  • Listener goals were manipulated (forming impression of target, inferring speaker's impression, or forming impression of speakers).

Main Results:

  • Listeners forming an impression of the target recalled behaviors better if they were inconsistent with the female speaker's description.
  • Listeners inferring speaker impressions recalled behaviors better when inconsistent with the speaker mentioning them.
  • Listeners forming impressions of speakers recalled behaviors better when inconsistent with the *other* speaker's description.

Conclusions:

  • Recall of behaviors is modulated by the listener's specific goals during social information processing.
  • The influence of initial trait descriptions on memory for behaviors is complex and depends on the interaction between speaker, listener, and the nature of the information.
  • Current person memory models require revision to account for these goal-dependent recall asymmetries.

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