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The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task
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Effects of visual interference on initial motor program errors and execution times in the choice step reaction.

Kazuki Uemura1, Toshihisa Oya, Yasushi Uchiyama

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan.

Gait & Posture
|December 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Visual interference increases errors in anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) and slows reaction time during stepping. This suggests attention demands impact motor programming even in healthy adults.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

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Published on: May 3, 2018

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human motor control
  • Cognitive psychology

Background:

  • Anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) are crucial for stable locomotion.
  • Motor program errors can manifest as deviations in APA direction.
  • Visual interference is known to affect cognitive processes like attention and decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of visual interference on APA errors and choice step execution time.
  • To determine if cognitive load from visual distractors affects motor programming accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty healthy young adults performed a choice stepping task under neutral and flanker (congruent/incongruent) visual conditions.
  • APA errors (initial weight transfer direction) and step execution times were measured using force plate data.

Main Results:

  • Incongruent visual conditions significantly increased APA errors and step execution times compared to neutral and congruent conditions.
  • Trials with APA errors exhibited longer step execution times than error-free trials.

Conclusions:

  • Visual interference, particularly incongruent flanker stimuli, impairs motor programming accuracy and response speed.
  • Cognitive load associated with selective attention and judgment processing during movement initiation contributes to motor errors and delays.