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Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...

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High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes
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Translational control by 3'-UTR-binding proteins.

Emilia Szostak1, Fátima Gebauer

  • 1Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and UPF, Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Programme, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003-Barcelona, Spain.

Briefings in Functional Genomics
|December 1, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) control gene expression by regulating messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. This review explores how RBPs, particularly those in the 3'-untranslated region, impact mRNA translatability and discusses new technologies for studying this process.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Post-transcriptional Modification

Background:

  • mRNA translation is a key regulatory point controlling protein synthesis from the transcriptome.
  • RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and small RNAs are crucial trans-acting factors that modulate mRNA translatability.
  • Understanding translational control is vital for deciphering gene expression dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which RBPs regulate mRNA translation.
  • To highlight the role of RBPs binding to the 3 -untranslated region (3 -UTR) in translational control.
  • To discuss the impact of high-throughput technologies on understanding genome-wide translational regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on mechanisms of RBP-mediated translational regulation.
  • Analysis of studies investigating RBPs that bind to the 3 -UTR of mRNAs.
  • Examination of recent advancements in high-throughput technologies for studying translation.

Main Results:

  • RBPs employ diverse mechanisms to regulate mRNA translation initiation, elongation, and termination.
  • Binding of RBPs to the 3 -UTR can either enhance or inhibit translation, depending on the specific RBP and mRNA context.
  • High-throughput technologies are uncovering complex regulatory networks and enabling genome-wide analysis of translational control.

Conclusions:

  • RBPs play a critical role in fine-tuning gene expression at the translational level.
  • The 3 -UTR is a key regulatory hub for RBP interactions influencing mRNA translatability.
  • Emerging technologies are revolutionizing our understanding of translational regulation, revealing unprecedented complexity at a genome-wide scale.