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Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior
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Left-turn gap acceptance models considering pedestrian movement characteristics.

Wael K M Alhajyaseen1, Miho Asano, Hideki Nakamura

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine. wael.alhajyaseen@najah.edu

Accident; Analysis and Prevention
|December 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Left-turning drivers accept shorter vehicle gaps with nearby pedestrians, but conflicts are more severe at low pedestrian volumes. This research analyzes driver behavior at signalized intersections to improve pedestrian safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Traffic Safety Engineering
  • Human Factors in Transportation
  • Road User Behavior Analysis

Background:

  • Pedestrian-vehicle conflicts at signalized intersections pose a significant safety risk, particularly involving turning vehicles.
  • Left-turning vehicles (in left-hand traffic systems) present a heightened threat to pedestrian safety due to complex interactions.
  • Understanding driver behavior, specifically lag/gap acceptance concerning pedestrian presence, is crucial for mitigating these conflicts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the lag/gap acceptance behavior of left-turning drivers in relation to pedestrian movements at signalized crosswalks.
  • To assess the severity of pedestrian-vehicle conflicts by examining vehicle speeds during these interactions.
  • To model driver decision-making processes considering pedestrian proximity and movement direction.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

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Main Methods:

  • Observational study of driver and pedestrian behavior at signalized intersections in Japan using video analysis.
  • Classification of accepted/rejected vehicle lags and gaps based on pedestrian origin (near-side vs. far-side).
  • Application of the Cumulative Weibull distribution function to model lag/gap acceptance behavior.

Main Results:

  • Drivers accept shorter lags/gaps when pedestrians originate from the near-side compared to the far-side crosswalk.
  • Drivers exhibit a tendency to accept short lags but are more cautious with short gaps.
  • Vehicle speeds are significantly higher in conflict areas when drivers accept lags with single pedestrians, indicating higher severity.

Conclusions:

  • Pedestrian movement origin significantly influences left-turner lag/gap acceptance.
  • Conflict severity is greater under low pedestrian demand conditions due to higher vehicle speeds.
  • Findings provide insights for developing targeted safety interventions at signalized intersections to protect pedestrians from turning vehicles.